Frecuencia de virus papiloma humano en tumores no ginecológicos de la Región de la Araucanía, Chile / Human papilloma virus frequency in non-gynecological tumors in the Araucanía Region, Chile

El Virus Papiloma Humano (HPV por sus siglas en inglés) es una de las infecciones de transmisión sexual más frecuentes del mundo y se encuentra presente en la mayoría de los cánceres de cuello uterino. Se ha descrito su presencia en otros tipos de cáncer no ginecológicos como lo son esófago y próstata. Sin embargo, las frecuencias de HPV descritas hasta el momento para estos tipos de cáncer son muy variables, y no hay artículos donde se muestren la presencia de HPV en estas neoplasias en Chile. El objetivo de este estudio fue determinar la frecuencia de HPV en muestras de biopsias de tumores no ginecológicos y tejido inflamatorio de pacientes de la región de La Araucanía. Se extrajo DNA desde un total de 47 biopsias de pacientes con esofagitis, 25 con carcinoma escamoso esofágico, 20 con hiperplasia nodular de la próstata y 39 con adenocarcinoma prostático. Estas fueron analizadas por PCR de la región L1 del virus y posterior genotipificación por reverse line blot. Se detectó HPV en el 53,2% de las muestras de esofagitis, 48% en muestras de carcinoma escamoso esofágico, 15% en hiperplasia nodular de la próstata y un 15,4% en los casos de adenocarcinoma prostático. Siendo los más frecuentes los genotipos de HPV 16 y 18, ya sea en infecciones simples o junto con otros genotipos, en lesiones preneoplásicas y neoplásicas de los tejidos estudiados. Existe una alta frecuencia de infección por HPV en biopsias de esofagitis y tejido inflamatorio esofágico de pacientes de la región de la Araucanía. En los casos de adenocarcinoma prostático e hiperplasia nodular de la próstata se observa una baja frecuencia de HPV.

Human Papilloma Virus (HPV) is the most common sexually transmitted disease in the world and it is present in practically all cervical cancers. Its presence was described in other types of non-gynecologic cancer such as esophageal and prostate. However, HPV frequency described for these cancers is highly variable, and there are no articles describing the presence of HPV in these tumors in Chile. To determine HPV frequency in samples from biopsies of non-gynecological tumors and inflammatory tissue from patients in the Araucanía region, DNA was extracted from a total of 47 biopsies from patients with esophagitis, 25 with esophageal squamous cell carcinoma, 20 with prostate nodular hyperplasia and 39 with prostate adenocarcinoma. These were analyzed by PCR of HPV L1 region and subsequent genotyping by reverse line blot. HPV was detected in 53.2% of esophagitis samples, 48% in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma, 15% in prostatitis and 15.4% in cases of prostatic adenocarcinoma. The most frequent HPV genotypes were 16 and 18, either single or in combination with other genotype infections, in inflammatory tissue and neoplastic lesions. In patients of the Araucanía region, there is a high rate of HPV infection in biopsies obtained in esophagitis and esophageal inflammatory tissue. In cases of prostatic adenocarcinoma and prostate nodular hyperplasia a low rate of HPV was observed.

EBV infection of esophageal cancer tissue as determined by pcr

The Epstein-Barr Virus [EBV] belongs to the genus lymphocrypto-virus and subfamily gamma-herpesvirinae. This virus infects the lymphocytes of primates and causes a latent infection in the B lymphocytes of these animals in vitro and in vivo. It also infects epithelial cells which are permissive for virus replication. A correlation between infection with EBV and Burkitt's lymphoma and nasopharyngeal carcinoma has long been known to exist, although the role of the virus in these cancers is not well understood. A less clear correlation between infection and other cancers, including cancer of the esophagus, has also been reported. Given the high incidence of cancer of the esophagus in Iran, we set out to study the level of infection with this virus in Iranians afflicted with the cancer. For detection of the virus, we performed half-nested PCR reactions using primers complementary to a well preserved region of the EBV virus genome. DNA extracted from LCLPI 4 cells, which is a B lymphocyte cell line infected with EBV, acted as positive control. The length of the product of first PCR reaction was 168 bp and of the second reaction 121 bp, which are the expected lengths. Our samples were DNA extracted from mounted tissue sections of the esophagus or unmounted sections cut from paraffin blocks. Both types of samples were obtained from the archives of the pathology department of a national hospital. Thirty-four squamous cell carcinoma, 8 adenocarcinoma and 29 esophagitis samples were tested. DNA from 28,7 and 26, respectively, of these sample groups, corresponding with 86% of all the samples, served effectively as template in the PCR reactions. Twelve [42.8%], 3[42.8%] and 11[42.3%] of the effective squamous cell carcinoma, adenocarcinoma, and esophagitis samples, respectively, were EBV positive as established by the PCR technique. Only one of eleven normal esophageal sections was positive [9.1%]. Tentatively, there appears to be a correlation between EBV infection of esophageal tissue and abnormalities of the esophagus

Esofagitis herpética en pediatría / Herpetic esophagitis in pediatrics

Presentamos dos pacientes con esofagitis herpética, uno de ellos una niña de 14 años con aplasia medular y el otro, un varón de 11 años inmunocompetente y previamente sano. En ambos la endoscopia con biopsia del esófago, que reveló las típicas inclusiones intranucleares (confirmadas por inmunohistoquímica), permitieron arribar rápidamente al diagnóstico e instituir precozmente el tratamiento antiviral. Ambos enfermos evolucionaron favorablemente. Enfatizamos la importancia de realizar endoscopia con biopsia y/o cepillado esofágicos en todo paciente inmunocompetente o inmunosuprimido con síntomas clínicos sugestivos de esofagitis con el fin de arribar al diagnóstico etiológico correcto